When it came to joining the first European supranational project, the 1951 European Coal and Steel Community, the answer of the Great Britain was not so enthusiastic , believing that European integration was not economic and political in nature and when few years later in 1957 they have to choose between the British Commonwealth and the European Economic Community (EEC) they once again unconditionally favoured the former, complementing economic reasons to geopolitical ones, preferring belonging to the 1960 European Free Trade Association (EFTA) that allowed Britain to free trade with six other European States at the same time keeping its imperial preference system. Its first entry into the EEC was in 1973, along with Ireland and Denmark, but it has never been the happiest and satisfied of the Member States, arriving to put to the test the population with the 1975 Referendum in which, however, two-thirds of the votes cast favoured continued Union Membership even though it wasn’t eas

Pollution is not the only thorn in the side that inflicts our respiratory tracts. Coronaviruses are a family of viruses known to cause respiratory infections. There is no vaccine yet to prevent them and no specific treatment other than managing the symptoms. The raging pandemic wave has begun with a first case in the by now famous city of Wuhan in China on March 11, 2020, when the WHO declared that an outbreak of the viral disease Covid-19, had reached the level of a global pandemic, therefore calling for governments to take urgent action to stop the spread of the virus. Phenomenon that hasn’t given any sign to stop up to now. Despite years of scientific and laboratory researches   haven’t been yet prepared so effective vaccines to stop this new sneaky scourge for the humankind. The billions dollars investments addressed to solve this issue have not been useful to set up measures of prevention often unsuitable and unsatisfactory and governments, in the impotence to make a point to this

In the last days all broadcasted news in tv and articles in the foreign affairs magazines and newspapers are dominated by the episode of the amassing of Russian troops on the Ukraine east borders, that represents a real threat for the maintenance of the peace and stability not only for this country but also, indirectly, for all the western part of the continent, EU, and of the world. Since the spring of 2021, there were simultaneous war scares in eastern Europe and the western Pacific, due to a Chinese intimidation campaign against Taiwan and a Russian military buildup on the Ukrainian border. Russian President Vladimir Putin, in the latest years of his mandate, having mobilized 175000 troops on Ukraine borders, was threatening to start Europe’s largest war in decades. Hotbed of conflict, in fact, is not only the east of Ukraine but all eastern Europe, first target of russian egemonic policy. Meanwhile, Tehran and Washington looked to be headed for a renewed crisis over Iran’s nucl